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Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) Is a non-destructive testing (NDT) process for detecting surface and subsurface discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials. The process establishes a magnetic field into the part. The piece can be magnetized by direct or indirect magnetization. Direct magnetization occurs when the electrical current is passed through the test object and a magnetic field is formed in the material. Indirect magnetization occurs when no electrical current is passed through the test object, but a magnetic field is applied from an outside source. The magnetic lines of force are perpendicular to the direction of the electrical current which may be either alternating current (AC) or some form of direct current (DC) (rectified AC). The presence of a surface or subsurface discontinuity in the material allows the magnetic flux to leak. Iron particles of high permeability and low retentivity are applied to the part. The particles may be applied dry or in a wet suspension, this method may be visible or fluorescent. If an area of flux leakage is present the particles will be attracted to this area. The particles will build up at the area of leakage and form what is known as an indication. Indications are detected perpendicular to the magnetic field. The indication can then be evaluated to determine what it is, what may have caused it, and what action should be taken if any. Fluorescent techniques offer higher sensitivity than visible methods under different conditions. These characteristics make MPI one of the most widely utilised non-destruction testing methods. Available Courses:
Abbreviations
MPI - Magnetic Particle Inspection
NDT - Non-destructive Testing
DC - Direct Current
AC - Alternating Current
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